Which fiscal policy is focused on preventing overspending or over-obligating?

The Anti-Deficiency Act is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to prevent overspending or over-obligating government funds. This act prohibits federal agencies from incurring obligations or making expenditures in excess of the amounts appropriated by Congress, thereby ensuring that agencies stay within their financial limits and avoid deficits.

This focus on fiscal discipline is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the federal budget and ensuring fiscal responsibility. It ensures that government expenditures are aligned with available resources, which is fundamental in managing public finances effectively. The act is in place to enforce restrictions on spending so that agencies do not deplete their allocated funds, ultimately promoting a balanced approach to fiscal management.

While other options relate to various aspects of fiscal policy and budget management, they do not specifically target the prevention of overspending or over-obligating in the same way the Anti-Deficiency Act does.